MEDICINE AND PHILOSOPHY

MEDICINE AND PHILOSOPHY

MEDICINE AND PHILOSOPHY

IN CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY

Thisworkmakesavailableforthefirsttimeinonededicatedvolume

PhilipvanderEijk’sselectedpapersonthecloseconnectionsthatex-

istedbetweenmedicineandphilosophythroughoutantiquity.Medical

authorssuchastheHippocraticwriters,Diocles,Galen,Soranusand

CaeliusAurelianuselaboratedonphilosophicalmethodssuchascausal

explanation,definitionanddivision,applyingconceptssuchastheno-

tionofnaturetotheirunderstandingofthehumanbody.Similarly,

philosopherssuchasPlatoandAristotlewerehighlyvaluedfortheir

contributionstomedicine.Thisinteractionwasparticularlystriking

inthestudyofthehumansoulinrelationtothebody,asillustratedby

approachestotopicssuchasintellect,sleepanddreams,anddietand

drugs.Withadetailedintroductionsurveyingthesubjectasawhole

andanewchapteronAristotle’streatmentofsleepanddreams,this

wide-rangingcollectionisessentialreadingforstudentsandscholars

ofancientphilosophyandscience.

philip j. van der eijk is Professor of Greek at the Uni-

versity of Newcastle upon Tyne. He has published widely on an-

cient philosophy, medicine and science, comparative literature and

patristics.HeistheauthorofAristoteles.Deinsomniis.Dedivinatione

persomnum(Berlin:AkademieVerlag,1994)andofDioclesofCarystus.

A Collection of the Fragments with Translation and Commentary

(2vols.,Leiden:Brill,2000–1).Hehaseditedandco-authoredAncient

Histories of Medicine. Essays in Medical Doxography and Historiogra-

phyinClassicalAntiquity(Leiden:Brill,1999)andco-editedAncient

MedicineinitsSocio-CulturalContext(2vols.,AmsterdamandAtlanta:

Rodopi,1995). MEDICINE AND PHILOSOPHY

IN CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY

Doctors and Philosophers on Nature, Soul,

Health and Disease

PHILIP J. VAN DER EIJK

ProfessorofGreekattheUniversityofNewcastleuponTyne uf763uf761uf76duf762uf772uf769uf764uf767uf765 uf775uf76euf769uf776uf765uf772uf773uf769uf774uf779 uf770uf772uf765uf773uf773

Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo

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CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof

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guaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. ForArachne Contents

Acknowledgements pageix

Noteontranslations xiii

Noteonabbreviations xiv

Introduction 1

i hippocratic corpus and diocles

of carystus

1 The‘theology’oftheHippocratictreatiseOntheSacred

Disease 45

2 DioclesandtheHippocraticwritingsonthemethodof

dieteticsandthelimitsofcausalexplanation 74

3 Tohelp,ortodonoharm.Principlesandpracticesof

therapeuticsintheHippocraticCorpusandinthework

ofDioclesofCarystus 101

4 Theheart,thebrain,thebloodandthepneuma:Hippocrates,

DioclesandAristotleonthelocationofcognitiveprocesses 119

ii aristotle and his school

5 Aristotleonmelancholy 139

6 TheoreticalandempiricalelementsinAristotle’streatmentof

sleep,dreamsanddivinationinsleep 169

7 The matter of mind: Aristotle on the biology of ‘psychic’

processesandthebodilyaspectsofthinking 206

vii viii Contents

8 DivinemovementandhumannatureinEudemianEthics8.2 238

9 OnSterility(‘Hist.an.10’),amedicalworkbyAristotle? 259

iii late antiquity

10 Galen’suseoftheconceptof‘qualifiedexperience’inhis

dieteticandpharmacologicalworks 279

11 TheMethodismofCaeliusAurelianus:someepistemological

issues 299

Bibliography 328

Indexofpassagescited 379

Generalindex 396 Acknowledgements

SincetheoriginalpublicationofthesepapersIhavetakentheopportunity

tomakesome,mostlyminor,revisionstosomechapters,mainlyonpoints

ofstyleandpresentation,inordertoenhanceaccessibility.Thusquotations

fromGreekandLatinarenowaccompaniedbyEnglishtranslationsorpara-

phrase,andinseveralcaseswordsinGreekscripthavebeentransliterated.

I have also in a number of cases taken account of publications that have

come out since the paper was first published; there have, however, been

no changes to the substance, and all revisions have been clearly marked

by square brackets; in some cases I have presented them in the form of a

postscriptattheendoftherelevantchapter,soastofacilitatereferenceto

theoriginalpublication.

Chapter1wasfirstpublishedinApeiron23(1990)87–119,andisreprinted

(withslight,mainlystylisticalterations)withthekindpermissionofAca-

demicPrintingandPublishing.

Chapter2wasfirstpublishedinR.WitternandP.Pellegrin(eds.),Hip-

pokratische Medizin und antike Philosophie (Medizin der Antike, Band 1),

Hildesheim: Olms, 1996, 229–57, and is reprinted here with the kind

permission of Olms Verlag; but the numeration of the Diocles frag-

ments, and the translation of fr. 176 printed here have been modified in

accordance with the relevant sections in my Diocles of Carystus, Leiden,

2000,whicharereprintedherewiththekindpermissionofBrillAcademic

Publishers.

Chapter3isaslightlyexpandedversionofapaperpublishedunderthe

title ‘The systematic status of therapy in the Hippocratic Corpus and in

theworkofDioclesofCarystus’,inI.Garofalo,D.Lami,D.Manettiand

A. Roselli (eds.), Aspetti della terapia nel Corpus Hippocraticum, Florence:

Olschki, 1999, 389–404, reprinted with the kind permission of Olschki

Editore;anabbreviatedversioninDutchappearedunderthetitle‘Helpen,

ofnietschaden.Enkeleuitgangspuntenvantherapeutischhandeleninde

klassiekeGrieksegeneeskunde’inHermeneus71(1999)66–71.

ix