Forest Products,

Livelihoods and

Conservation

Case Studies of Non-Timber Forest Product Systems

VOLUME 2 - AFRICA

Editors

Terry Sunderland and Ousseynou Ndoye Forest Products, Livelihoods

and Conservation

Case Studies of Non-Timber Forest Product Systems

VOLUME 2 - AFRICA

Editors

Terry Sunderland and Ousseynou Ndoye © 2004 by CIFOR

All rights reserved. Published in 2004

Printed by Indonesia Printer

Cover photo by Brian Belcher

ISBN 979-3361-25-5

ISBN 979-3361-23-9 (Volumes 1-3)

Copy-editing: Henning Pape-Santos

Illustrations: Iskak Syamsudin and Lucy Smith

Design: Gideon Suharyanto, Yoeli Setiawan and Eko Prianto

Maps: Andy Darmawan

National Library of Indonesia Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Forest Products, Livelihoods and Conservation. Case Studies of Non-Timber

Forest Product Systems. Volume 2 x96 Africa / edited by Terry Sunderland and

Ousseynou Ndoye

p.cm.

ISBN 979-3361-25-5

1. Non-timber forest products 2. Livelihoods 3. Conservation 4. Case studies

5. Africa

Published by

Center for International Forestry Research

Mailing address: P.O. Box 6596 JKPWB, Jakarta 10065, Indonesia

Office address: Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang,

Bogor Barat 16680, Indonesia

Tel: +62 (251) 622622

Fax: +62 (251) 622100

E-mail: cifor@cgiar.org

Web site: http://www.cifor.cgiar.org Contents

Contributors vi

Acknowledgements ix

Foreword by His Excellency, Henri Djombo x

Foreword by J.E. Michael Arnold xii

Chapter 1

Commercialisation of non-timber forest products in Africa:

history, context and prospects 1

Terry C.H. Sunderland, Susan T. Harrison and Ousseynou Ndoye

MEDICINAL, HYGIENE AND COSMETIC PLANTS

Chapter 2

Dental hygiene and livelihoods: a case of chewing sticks in Ghana 25

Dominic Blay

Chapter 3

x91Chop, but no broke potx92: the case of Prunus africana on

Mount Cameroon 37

Nouhou Ndam and Mahop Tonye Marcelin

Chapter 4

Achieving a fair and sustainable trade

in devilx92s claw (Harpagophytum spp.) 53

Rachel Wynberg

Chapter 5

The informal trade of Cassipourea flanaganii

as a cosmetic in South Africa 73

Michelle Cocks and Tony Dold iv

FRUITS AND OILS

Chapter 6

The contribution of shea butter (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertner)

to local livelihoods in Benin 91

Kathrin Schreckenberg

Chapter 7

A case study of Garcinia kola nut production-to-consumption

system in J4 area of Omo forest reserve, South-west Nigeria 115

Atilade Akanmu Adebisi

Chapter 8

Potential for development and conservation of Dacryodes edulis

in Sakpoba Forest Reserve, Edo State, in the Niger Delta area

of Nigeria 133

Hassan Gbadebo Adewusi

WOODCARVING AND WOOD PRODUCTS

Chapter 9

The woodcarving industry in Kenya 149

Simon Kosgei Choge

Chapter 10

Carved wooden drums and trade in Mpigi district, Uganda 169

Patrick Omeja, Joseph Obua and Anthony B. Cunningham

Chapter 11

Trading forest products in South-Eastern Zimbabwe: ecology,

economics and politics of woodcarving 183

Wavell Standa-Gunda and Oliver Braedt

Chapter 12

The Pterocarpus angolensis DC. based woodcraft industry

in the Bushbuckridge district, South Africa 203

Sheona E. Shackleton and Charlie M. Shackleton

Chapter 13

Fuelwood in the Maroua area of the Far North Province

of Cameroon 229

Tata Precillia Ijang v

FIBRES AND WEAVING MATERIALS

Chapter 14

Palm utilisation for basketry in Xini Ward, Sengwe communal

areas, Zimbabwe 245

Phosiso Sola

Chapter 15

The rattan industry in the Ashanti and western regions of Ghana 263

Charles Adu-Anning

Chapter 16

The rattan sector of Rio Muni, Equatorial Guinea 275

Terry C.H. Sunderland, Michael B. Balinga and Mercy A. Dione

Chapter 17

Rattan exploitation in the Yaoundé Region of Cameroon 291

Louis Defo

ANIMAL PRODUCTS

Chapter 18

Sport hunting of elephant in Zimbabwe: a case study of

Kanyurira Ward in Guruve district 317

Dale Doré and Ivan Bond

Sources used for illustrations 333 vi

Contributors

Atilade Akanmu Adebisi Dominic Blay

CENRAD Forestry Research Institute of Ghana

P.M.B. 5052 University Box 63, Kumasi

5 Akinola Maja Street Ghana

Jericho Hills, Ibadan E-mail: dblay@forig.org

Nigeria

E-mail: cenrad@mail.skannet.com; Ivan Bond

cenrad@ibadan.skannet.com World Wide Fund for Nature

(Southern Africa Region

Hassan Gbadebo Adewusi Programme Office)

Department of Forest Resources Almond Tree Cottage

Management Long Wittenham Road

University of Ibadan North Moreton, Nr Didcot

Nigeria Oxon OX11 9AZ

E-mail: ajilete@hotmail.com United Kingdom

E-mail:

Charles Adu-Anning leebee@atcottage.freeserve.co.uk

Department of Agroforestry

Institute of Renewable Natural Oliver Braedt

Resources Federal Research Centre for

Kwame Nkrumah University of Forestry and Forest Products (BFH)

Science and Technology Leuschnerstrasse 91

Kumasi D-21031, Hamburg

Ghana Germany

E-mail: canning@forig.org; E-mail: braedt@holz.uni-hamburg.de

canning_01@yahoo.com

Simon Kosgei Choge

Michael B. Balinga Kenya Forestry Research Institute

African Rattan Research Programme PO. Box 20412, Nairobi

c/o Limbe Botanic Garden Kenya

P.O. Box 437, Limbe E-mail: skchoge2002@yahoo.com;

Cameroon kefri@arcc.or.ke

E-mail: mpbalinga@yahoo.fr vii

Michelle Cocks Tata Precillia Ijang

Institute of Social & Economic Ministry of Scientific and Technical

Research, Rhodes University Research in Cameroon

P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140 Institute of Agricultural Research

South Africa for Development, Dschang

E-mail: M.Cocks@ru.ac.za c/o Presbyterian Church Dschang

P.O.Box 353 Dschang

Anthony B. Cunningham Cameroon

People and Plants Initiative E-mail: ijang2001@yahoo.fr

84 Watkins Street

White Gum Valley, Fremantle Nouhou Ndam

Australia Limbe Botanic Garden

E-mail: peopleplants@bigpond.com P.O. Box 437, Limbe

Cameroon

Louis Defo E-mail: Lbg@bifunde.com;

University of Leiden, WOTRO Ph.D Lbgmcp@camnet.cm

fellowship programme

P.O. Box 8297 Yaounde Ousseynou Ndoye

Cameroon CIFOR Cameroon

E-mail: defotls@yahoo.fr c/o IITA Humid Forest Station

B.P. 2008, Yaounde

Mercy A. Dione Cameroon

University of Buea E-mail: o.ndoye@cgiar.org

SW Province

Cameroon Joseph Obua

Department of Forest Biology and

Tony Dold Ecosystems Management

Selmar Schonland Herbarium Faculty of Forestry and Nature

Rhodes University Conservation, Makerere University

P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140 P.O.Box 7062, Kampala

South Africa Uganda

E-mail: T.Dold@ru.ac.za E-mail: obua@forest.mak.ac.ug

Dale Doré Patrick Omeja

SHANDUKO: Centre for Agrarian and Faculty of Forestry & Nature

Environmental Research Conservation

195 Fife Avenue, Harare Makeree University

Zimbabwe PO. Box 7062, Kampala

E-mail: daledore@zol.co.zw Uganda

E-mail: omejap@hotmail.com

Susan Tarka Harrison

Department of Botany Kathrin Schreckenberg

Natural History Museum, London Forest Policy and Environment

Cromwell Road Group, Overseas Development

London SW7 5BD Institute (ODI)

United Kingdom 111 Westminster Bridge Road

E-mail: tarkaharrison@yahoo.com London SE1 7JD

United Kingdom

E-mail: k.schreckenberg@odi.org.uk viii

Charlie M. Shackleton Mahop Tonye Marcelin

Environmental Science Department PhD student Queen Mary College

Rhodes University University of London

Grahamstown, 6140 E-mail: tonyemah@yahoo.com

South Africa

E-mail: c.shackleton@ru.ac.za Rachel Wynberg

Graduate School of Environmental

Sheona Elizabeth Shackleton Studies

Environmental Science Department University of Strathclyde

Rhodes University P.O. Box 83, Kalk Bay 7990

Grahamstown 6140 South Africa

South Africa E-mail: rachel@iafrica.com

E-mail: s.shackleton@ru.ac.za

Phosiso Sola

SAFIRE

10 Lawson Ave, Milton Park

Box BExa0398 Belverdere, Harare

Zimbabwe

E-mail: afpc2a@bangor.ac.uk;

sola@safire.co.zw

xa0

Wavell Standa Gunda

Center for International Forestry

Research

Regional Office for Eastern &

Southern Africa

73 Harare Drive

Mt. Pleasant, Harare

Zimbabwe

E-mail: w.standa@cgiar.org

Terry C.H. Sunderland

African Rattan Research Programme

c/o Limbe Botanic Garden

P.O. Box 437, Limbe

Cameroon

E-mail: afrirattan@aol.com;

TCHSunderland@aol.com ix

Acknowledgements

We express our thanks to all people who contributed to the content and

production of this book, including: Manuel Ruiz-Pérez, Brian Belcher, Bruce

Campbell, Julius Tieguhong Chupezi, Laurie Clark, James Acworth, Tony

Cunningham, Ramadhani Achdiawan, Koen Kusters, Jeff Sayer, Eyebe Antoine,

Citlalli Lopez, Mike Arnold, Titin Suhartini and Munoh Florence. We thank

Michelle Cocks and Sheona Shackleton for organising a regional workshop.

The work was supported by the UK Department for International Development

(DFID) and CIFOR core funding.