Environmental Engineering FOURTH EDITION

Environmental Engineering FOURTH EDITION

Ruth F. Weiner and Robin Matthews

-

Updated e d iti o n of Environmental Engineering, previousI y c o a ut ho red

by J. Jeffrey Peirce and P. Aarne Vesilind.

FOURTH EDITION ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING

Fourth Edition ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING

Fourth Edition

Ruth E Weiner

Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Sciences

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor; MI

and

Robin A. Matthews

Huxley College of Environmental Studies

Western Washington University

Bellingham, WA

I$====

E I N E M A N N

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Printed in the United States of America To Hubert Joy, Geojky Matthews,

and Natalie Weiner Contents

Preface xiii

1 Environmental Engineering 1

Civil Engineering 1

Public Health 4

Ecology 5

Ethics 7

Environmental Engineering as a Profession 10

Organization of This Text 10

2 Assessing Environmental Impact 13

Environmental Impact 13

Use of Risk Analysis in EnvironmentalA ssessment 23

Socioeconomic Impact Assessment 24

Conclusion 29

Problems 30

3 RiskAnalysis 33

Risk 33

Assessment of Risk 34

Probability 35

Dose-Response Evaluation 38

Population Responses 40

Exposure and Latency 40

Expression of Risk 41

Risk Perception 46

Ecosystem Risk Assessment 47

Conclusion 47

Problems 47

4 Water Pollution 51

Sources of Water Pollution 51

Elements of Aquatic Ecology 54

Biodegradation 57

vii